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The Research: Benefits OF GINSENG
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Ginseng, recognized for its medicinal properties, has attracted scientific interest for its role in improving muscle health and regulating energy. Recent studies have investigated the effects of various ginseng varieties, yielding important insights that may be particularly useful for those suffering from muscle deterioration or chronic fatigue.
A study delved into whether an extract from P. ginseng roots, known as EEP, could help with chronic fatigue. The results were promising: EEP effectively reduced chronic fatigue in rats, pointing to P. ginseng as a possible dietary supplement for those looking to recover from persistent tiredness.
Muscle disorders like sarcopenia are common in older adults. Research focusing on American wild ginseng pharmacopuncture (AWGP) and Korean cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture (KCWGP) showed positive results. These ginseng treatments were found to increase the levels of proteins crucial for muscle growth and energy production, suggesting that ginseng could help strengthen muscle cells and enhance their energy efficiency. This is particularly beneficial for improving muscle function in the elderly.
Muscle atrophy, often a side effect of medications like dexamethasone (DEXA), leads to the wasting away of muscles. Researchers investigated if mountain ginseng could be an effective countermeasure. The findings were encouraging: mountain ginseng not only reduced muscle loss but also improved the size and health of muscle cells. This was credited to its ability to lower the levels of proteins that cause muscle atrophy and increase those that support muscle health.
Beyond its muscle health and anti-fatigue benefits, Ginseng offers a variety of other health advantages:
Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Mountain ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a medicinal herb with immune effects, muscle damage protection and energy metabolism effects. However, the pharmacological role of mountain ginseng in dexamethasone (DEXA)-induced muscle atrophy through the forkhead box O (FOXO) family is not understood. Therefore, we hypothesized that mountain ginseng inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing muscle RING finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and atrogin1 through FOXO3 in L6 myotubes.
These results suggest that mountain ginseng inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing MuRF1 and atrogin1 through FOXO3a in L6 myotubes.
Targeting impaired myogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis offers a potential alternative strategy for balancing energy to fight muscle disorders such as sarcopenia. In traditional Korean medicine, it is believed that the herb wild ginseng can help restore energy to the elderly. The present study investigated whether American wild ginseng pharmacopuncture (AWGP) and Korean cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture (KCWGP) regulate energy metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes using horse serum for 5 days. An MTT colorimetric assay verified cell viability. AWGP, KCWGP (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/ml), or metformin (2.5 mM) for reference were used to treat the C2C12 myotubes. The expressions of differentiation and mitochondrial biogenetic factors were measured by western blotting in C2C12 myotubes. Treatment of C2C12 cells stimulated with AWGP and KCWGP at a concentration of 10 mg/ml did not affect cell viability. AWGP and KCWGP treatments resulted in significant increases in the myogenesis proteins, myosin heavy chain, myostatin, myoblast determination protein 1 and myogenin, as well as increases to the biogenic regulatory factors, peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ coactivator‑1‑α, nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A and Sirtuin 1, in the myotubes through AMPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activation. These results suggest that AWGP and KCWGP may be beneficial to muscle function by improving muscle differentiation and energy metabolism.
Pharmaceutical biology [Pharm Biol] 2023 Dec; Vol. 61 (1), pp. 316-323.
This study investigated the antifatigue effect of P. ginseng on chronic fatigue rats.
The swimming times to exhaust of the rats with EEP were significantly longer than that without it. EEP spared the amount of muscle glycogen, hepatic glycogen and blood sugar under the chronic state. In addition, EEP significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased serum triglycerides (1.24 ± 0.17, 1.29 ± 0.04 and 1.20 ± 0.21 vs. 1.58 ± 0.13 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (1.64 ± 0.36, 1.70 ± 0.15 and 1.41 ± 0.19 vs. 2.22 ± 0.19 mmol/L) compared to the model group. Regarding the regulation of energy, EEP had a positive impact on promoting ATPase activities and relative protein expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Our results suggested that EEP effectively relieved chronic fatigue, providing evidence that P. ginseng could be a potential dietary supplement to accelerate recovery from fatigue.
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